Yim, cov dej khov ntws hlo nqes: cob txoj kev zoo rau qhov khoom zoo
Cobalt-muaj cov khoom siv nyiaj rau ze li ntawm 70 feem pua ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cathode. Cov khoom siv zoo electrode yog tus nqi ntawm cov roj teeb lithium, accounting rau 33%, thiab cov cobalt uas muaj cov pa electrode muaj xws li lithium cobaltate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminate, thiab lwm yam., Uas ua ke account 70% ntawm cov lag luam sib qhia ntawm cov khoom siv zoo electrode.
Qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev noj haus thoob ntiaj teb yog cov khoom siv roj teeb, accounting rau 38%. Cobalt noj tsuas yog muaj cov khoom siv roj teeb, cov hlau kub kub, cov ntaub ntawv muaj txhij, cov kua nplaum thiab cov roj xiav. Raws li txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov tsheb tshiab, cobalt nqi yuav zoo rau cov nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cathode.
2, cov khoom siv sab nraud cobalt cobalt: ob-wheel drive sai hlob
Lub ntiaj teb no kev cob qhia ntawm cobalt cathode cov ntaub ntawv yog nce rau ntawm tus nqi siab, nrog kev loj hlob tus nqi ntawm 60.5% rau xyoo 2014. Ntawm lawv, cov lithium cobaltate thiab cov cobalt uas yog cobalt ternary cov ntaub ntawv tau nce ceev ceev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qoob loo- raws li ternary cov ntaub ntawv tau nce ntawm 17,000 tons hauv 2010 mus rau 48,000 tons.
Qhov kev thov rau cov cobalt-based superalloys yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev nce kev thov hauv kev lag luam aerospace. Superalloys yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hlau rau kev tsim khoom ntawm modern aero engines, chaw foob pob hluav taws cav thiab muaj roj cav turbines. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev tso tawm ntawm Tuam Tshoj lub autonomous aviation xyaw, qhov kev thov rau cobalt-based superalloys yuav ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob.
3, cov khoom siv sab siv zog cobalt cobalt: ob lub log tsheb loj hlob sai
Ntiaj teb cobalt yawm suab yog qhov siab heev thiab kev loj hlob zus yog ruaj khov. Muaj ntau cov minerals cobalt, feem ntau yog txuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv cob qha tsawg. Sab saum toj 5 lub teb chaws account rau ntau tshaj 80% ntawm tag nrho, uas ua rau ntau dua concentration ntawm cobalt mloog zoo thiab ruaj khov loj hlob. Xyoo 2014, lub ntiaj teb cobalt concentrate loj hlob tuaj tsuas yog 9.3% xyoo-rau-lub xyoo, thiab Congo (kub) ntau lawm 47%.
Lub ntiaj teb ua kom zoo zoo cobalt cobalt kev loj hlob tus nqi yog tus ruaj. Xyoo 2014, lub ntiaj teb cobalt loj hlob tau nce los ntawm 5.5 feem pua xwb.
4, upstream resources roj qib lithium carbonate: lithium demand yog zoo
Lithium khoom yuav muab faib ua ob lub txheej: lithium extraction ntawm ore (35%) thiab lithium extraction los ntawm brine (65%). Lithium ore giant Talison (51% ntawm Tianqi Lithium Holdings) yog lithium muab rho tawm los ntawm cov hlau, accounting rau li 70% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho lithium ntau lawm. Lub ntiaj teb muaj peb yam khoom siv loj loj Giants SQM, FMC, Rockwood yog cov lithium brine. Tag nrho cov nyiaj tso tawm nyiaj rau li 80% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom lithium hauv lub ntiaj teb ntsev cov pas dej.
Lub ntiaj teb xav tau kev pabcuam rau cov kev tsim khoom muaj tau loj hlob tuaj. Nyob rau hauv 2003 thiab 2014, lub ntiaj teb no kev thov rau kev siv tshuaj muaj yees li 7% nce. Lithium batteries accounted rau 41% ntawm lithium noj, thiab qhov feem ntawm cov lithium roj teeb muaj feem nce, thiab nws tau nce rau 15% ntawm cov roj teeb lithium. , tag nrho cov lithium coob tshaj 6%.
5, cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntau dua li cov roj lithium carbonate: lithium supply shrinkage
Nyob rau hauv 2015, ntau lawm lithium carbonate muaj peev xwm tau raug thawb rov qab. Qhov no tsuas muaj xws li Rockwood's 20,000-tuj kev hloov, Australia's Orocobre's expansion ntawm 17,500 tons, thiab Canada tus lithium kev lag luam 20,000 tons. Qhov ua kom nce qib xyoo 2015 txog 60,000 tons, tab sis qhov tiag tiag yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo no, thiab tag nrho cov khoom yuav tsum nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm 2016, thiab cov zis yuav tsis cuam tshuam ntau.
Xyoo no yog lub xyoo ntawm El Niño, Chile tau ntsib dej nyab loj heev uas tsis tshwm sim hauv 80 xyoo, thiab muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tshee tshee. Nyob rau thaj tsam Atacama thaum ntxov ntawm Chile, muaj 80 xyoo nag xob nag cua, vim Atacama yog qhov chaw ntawm Chile's SQM lub tuam txhab 48,000 tons ntawm lub pas dej qab ntsev thiab US Rockwood lub tuam txhab 30,000 tons (20,000 tons). Muab 50%), thiab SQM (kwv yees li 30% ntawm lithium lub ntiaj teb) tau tshem tawm ntau lawm, thiab lithium mov yog nruj.
6, upstream resources NdFeB: kev thov yog zoo, muaj zog Hengqiang
Lub neodymium hlau boron sib nqus khoom yog ib qho hlau phom ntawm hlau los yog boron hlau, thiab muaj ib qho khoom loj sib zog nqus hluav taws xob, lub zog thiab lub zog ceev. Cov ntws ntawm NdFeB cov ntaub ntawv yog lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj neeg tsim khoom, thiab cov nqes siv zom zaws los siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuab, tsheb, nuclear magnetic resonance, cua zog thiab lwm cov hauj lwm.
