4. Hom ntawv BOM yog dab tsi?
4.1 Raws li lub hom phiaj
Cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv peb theem ntawm engineering tsim, tsim tsim tsim thiab kev tsim. Correspondingly, hauv peb cov txheej txheem, ib daim ntawv teev cov khoom muaj npe zoo tiam sis cov ntsiab lus txawv heev yog tsim, EBOM, PBOM thiab CBOM. Cov no yog peb lub ntsiab ntawm BOM.
Engineering BOM - EBOM (EngineeringBOM):
Cov qauv ntaub ntawv siv hauv cov khoom tsim qauv khoom tsim, uas feem ntau yog piav cov qauv tsim ntawm qhov khoom thiab tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntu thiab qhov chaw. Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li cov khoom siv sij hawm, cov qauv catalogs, cov khoom siv quota, cov ntawv qhia cov khoom muag, thiab lwm yam.
Npaj BOM - PBOM (PlanBOM):
Nws yog tus txheej txheem engineer uas tsim cov EBOM raws li cov theem ua thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm lub hoobkas. Nws yog siv rau hauv tus txheej txheem tsim thiab kev tswj kev lag luam, siv nws kom to taub txoj kev tsim kev sib raug zoo nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov chaw, los saib xyuas seb qhov chaw tsim, qhov uas lawv tau ua, los ntawm leej twg, thiab los ntawm dab tsi. Tib lub sijhawm, PBOM yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv rau MRPII / ERP ntau lawm.
Hauv qhov tseeb, BOM yog ib lub ntsiab lus dav. Raws li ntau lub hom phiaj, BOM muaj ntau hom; BOM ntawm kev tsim duab kos, kev npaj BOM, kev tsim BOM rau qhov khoom sib txuam khoom tiav, tus nqi BOM rau kev xam cov nqi, kev kho thiab kho BOM, thiab lwm yam. Raws li kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov theem sib txawv, peb feem ntau pom BOM cov lus sib txawv. Cov sawv daws tuaj yeem yog:
Tsim BOM - DBOM (DesignBOM):
Lub DBOM ntawm chav tsim tsim yog cov lus qhia ntawm tag nrho cov khoom, thiab cov qauv ntawv qhia hom ntawv muaj xws li cov sij hawm khoom muag, cov qauv catalogs, cov khoom siv sij hawm, thiab lwm yam.
Tus tsim BOM cov ntaub ntawv yog feem ntau lub npe ntawm cov npe thiab cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov qauv duab kos uas tsim los ntawm lub chav haujlwm tsim. Qee lub sij hawm nws tseem muaj qee cov ntaub ntawv rau ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua daim ntawv tso ua ke los ntawm kev ua haujlwm fab haujlwm.
Tsim BOMs yog feem ntau aggregated kawg ntawm tus tsim. Yog tias muaj ntau qhov kev sib qiv, kev tsim BOM tuaj yeem ua tiav thaum pib tsim theem, thiab tom qab ntawd ces qhov kev npaj tsim yog teem raws li cov khoom tsim tshiab.
Qhov sib txawv hauv xov tooj feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom ntoo, thiab txhua ntawm ntawm tsob ntoo yog txuam nrog ntau tus cwj pwm lossis cov ntaub ntawv graphical. Feem ntau hauv cov PDM software yog cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev tswj cov khoom siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv tswj.
Manufacturing BOM - MBOM (ManufacturingBOM):
Lub MBOM ntawm lub tuam txhab kev tsim khoom yog raws li EBOM thiab zoo dua qub raws li kev tsim kev sib txuam ua ke, nrog rau kev ua cov khoom JBOM thiab PBOM xws li daim npav, pwm thiab cov khoom siv raws li txoj cai. Nws kuj tseem raug hu ua tus txheej txheem BOM. Cov lus qhia ua hom ntawv zoo li no muaj xws li cov rooj sib hais, cov ntawv tseem ceeb cov lus qhia, cov khoom tseem ceeb tseem ceeb, daim ntawv teev npe ntawm tus kheej, cov npe ntawm daim ntawv, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb daim ntawv, cov khoom siv cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam.
Kev Tsim Txais Cov Ntawv Xov Xwm BOM Feem ntau txheej txheem ntawm tus txheej txheem yog npaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim npav, tab sis tsim tawm BOM raws li cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim.
Kev sib txuas lus siv hluav taws xob feem ntau siv los ua ke ntawm BOM ib feem ntawm qhov khoom seem. Cov seem feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm BOM ntawm kev ua technology. Tus txheej txheem machining BOM ntau, los yog txoj kev khiav BOM yog tsim, thiab cov cuab yeej thiab khoom siv yog txuam nrog txhua ntawm cov ntoo. Cov txheej txheem xws li cov sijhawm ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv nyiaj ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab yog kev sib koom ua ke BOM, uas yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov tswv yim tsim lag luam hauv ERP software.
Hauv txhua txoj hauv kev los sis cov kauj ruam, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau qhia tus zauv feem, lub npe thiab ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv txoj haujlwm no.
Neeg BOM - CBOM (CustomerBOM):
Tus neeg BOM yeej muaj ob lub ntsiab lus, ib qho yog lim tawm ntawm cov khoom muag kom yuam los ntawm tus neeg tuaj ntawm tag nrho cov khoom lag luam. Ib daim ntawv teev cov khoom ntawm ib cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas tau txiav txim los ntawm tus neeg siv. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tswv yim rau cov tuam txhab uas tswj thiab tsim cov khoom kos duab raws li lawv cov neeg muas zaub. Qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim ntau dua hauv PDM. Qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub ERP system yog cov nyuab dua vim nws tseem xam cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau tus neeg txiav txim cov khoom ntawm kev npaj ntau lawm, thiab tej zaum kuj yuav ncav cuag lub Scope ntawm tus npaj BOM.
Muag BOM - SBOM (SALEBOM):
Cov khoom muag BOM yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom qauv uas yog teeb tsa raws li tus neeg siv yuav tsum tau ua. Kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem muaj xws li daim ntawv teev npe, daim tseem npe, lub npe tshwj xeeb, daim ntawv teev npe xaiv, daim ntawv hloov npe, daim ntawv thov hloov tshwj xeeb, thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntaub ntawv BOM muag khoom yog feem ntau yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog ntau hom ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom ntawm ntau cov khoom.
Qhov sib txawv hauv xov tooj feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub qauv khoom tsim, nrog txhua qhov sib txuam nrog ntau tus cwj pwm lossis cov lus qhia graphical. Feem ntau hauv PDM software yog cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev tswj cov khoom siv.
Kho BOM - WBOM:
Lub khomob pabcuam khomob yog tsim los ntawm kev tswj fwm cov haujlwm. Cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw nrog cov ntawv sau npe, khoom seem ntawm daim ntawv teev npe, thiab cov khoom siv tau. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev saib xyuas BOM cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau raug xaiv los ntawm tus qauv tsim BOM coj tus cwj pwm tau txais cov khoom noj khoom haus, khoom seem, thiab khoom siv.
Cov ntsiab lus yog feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv PDM software, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv hauv ERP software.
Kev Muag Khoom BOM - CBOM:
Nws yog tsim tawm raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw, cov txheej txheem thiab cov tiav ntawm cov khoom uas tau yuav los raws li cov khoom yuav tsum ua. Cov ntawv nyeem ua ke mas xam nrog daim ntawv teev cov khoom yuav khoom, daim ntawv teev sab nraud, daim ntawv teev tus kheej thiab daim ntawv teev npe.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm BOM cov ntaub ntawv yog feem ntau muab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov qauv kos duab thiab cov ntawv teev lus. Lub tswv yim npaj yuav khoom thiab kev npaj yuav tsim muaj los ntawm lub tuam txhab kev muag khoom lossis chav ua noj ua haus.
Cov PDM feem ntau tuaj yeem ua kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv BOM cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov duab kos thiab cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem, tab sis yog tias koj xav muab cov ntaub ntawv BOM rau cov khoom muag BOM, koj yuav tsum ua tiav hauv ERP system. Piv txwv, 100 pawg khoom ntawm BOM thiab 10,000 khoom siv ntawm BOM yuav txawv hauv outsourcing thiab outsourcing. Kev them nqi ntawm cov khoom seem uas yuav muaj nyob rau hauv cov sij hawm batch kuj raug qis dua, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tsim tau tus kheej thaum lub npas loj loj.
Tus nqi BOM - CBOM (CostingBillOfMaterial):
Nws yog tsim los ntawm MRPII system. Thaum cov lag luam qhia txog tus nqi ntawm qhov feem, qhov nqi pom zoo, thiab tus nqi tswj xyuas tam sim no, lub kaw lus yuav ua rau CBOM los ntawm cov PBOM thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Nws yog siv rau kev tsim cov nqi tswj thiab tus nqi sib txawv ntawm kev soj ntsuam.
Qhov sib txheeb ze zoo tshaj yog EBOM kev tswj los ntawm PDM thiab MBOM hauv MRPII.
