Tej yam tshwj xeeb puag ncig thiab lawv cov teebmeem ntawm lub cev hluav taws xob
Hauv kev cob qhia txog kev tsav tsheb, cov neeg ua haujlwm faj seeb heev L nug txog kev txawv txav ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm. Ms. Kev koom tes hnub no nyob rau ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm tus me me L, qhov yooj yim ntawm kev cia thiab kev siv ntawm lub cev muaj peev xwm ua ke, thiab txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm tau raug muab qhia rau koj.
Cov khoom txig muaj feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov teeb meem hauv thaj chaw ib puag ncig thaum lub sijhawm cia, tsheb thauj mus los thiab siv. Qhov tshwj xeeb ib puag ncig ntawm lub cev muaj peev xwm muab faib ua ob pawg: qhov chaw nyab xeeb thiab chaw ib puag ncig raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm ib puag ncig. Lub ntuj kub huab cua tshwm sim muaj xws li kev nyab xeeb, marine, txias, underground thiab highland npuas; qhov chaw muaj xws li muaj kev kub ntxhov, thaj chaw kub hnyiab, siab thiab tsis kub, siab thiab tsis tshua muaj siab, khoom thiab hmoov av, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev kho khoom tshwj xeeb.
Tus cawv ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev hluav taws xob
Muaj ob hom tshwj xeeb ntawm environmental factors, natural climatic ib puag ncig thiab chaw ib puag ncig, qee qhov ntawm lawv tsuas yog rau lub cev, thiab qee yam uas muaj nrog ntau yam (xws li qhov chaw muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab tawg taus nyob rau thaj tsam chaw sov tau); qee qhov yog sib quas ntus, qee qhov kev ua tiav Lub luag hauj lwm, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam, muaj teebmeem txawv, yog li ua qhov teeb meem nyuab heev.
● Kub nyhiab
Txij thaum kub siab kub ntxhov cuam tshuam lub cua sov dissipation ntawm lub engine, qhov tso tawm yog txo. Qhov kub thiab ultraviolet teeb muaj zog, uas accelerates lub laus ntawm insulating cov khoom. Lub cev ntub dej ntawm cov chaw qhuav thiab kub yog qee zaum txo rau 3%. Qhov kub siab qhuav ua rau lub rwb thaiv tsev kom qhuav, ntsws, deform thiab tawg. Kub siab yog yooj yim poob kua nplaum. Tsawg siab ua rau tawv nqaij ntawm roj hmab thiab plastics, tawg ntawm cov hlab, khov ntawm roj thiab txias.
● Hnyav thiab av noo noo
Qhov txheeb ze ntawm lub cev ntom ntom yog siab, yog li ntawd qhov chaw ntom ntub nrog dej yeeb yaj kiab. Thaum lub txiv av qeeg siab tshaj 95%, sab hauv ntawm lub cev feem ntau tso cai rau cov dej ntws, uas ua rau cov hlau tsis yoojyim rau xeb, cov roj tseem qub zuj zus los ntawm cov dej noo, qee yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv insulating yog ntxooj thiab qee cov mos muag thiab nplaum. Mechanical thiab electrical properties deteriorate, thiab rwb thaiv tsev thiab flashover deg nws yog nws tshwm sim.
● Pwm nyhuv
Nyob rau hauv high temperature thiab high humidity ib puag ncig, pwm yog qhov tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob, thiab lub tso pa tawm ntawm pwm tuaj yeem corrode hlau thiab insulating cov ntaub ntawv, ua lub rwb thaiv tsev kom muaj hnub nyoog thiab ua rau cov kev xwm txheej luv luv.
● hmoov av thiab hmoov av
Plua plav (nrog rau cov plua tshauv) yog hais txog cov khoom ntawm 1 mus rau 150 microns inch; xuab zeb hmoov av xa mus rau cov khoom quartz hauv qhov ntau ntawm 10 mus rau 1000 microns nyob rau hauv kab. Thaum cov plua tshauv thiab hmoov av tso rau ntawm cov kab no, qhov hluav taws xob cov hluav taws xob tau degraded vim kev nqus dej noo, thiab cov hmoov av uas ua hmoov av ntau dua yuav ua rau cov hluav taws kub qis los sis lub qhov teeb meem luv luv.
Corrosive plua plav, seb acidic los yog alkaline, yog yooj yim deliquescent, ua rau corrosion ntawm hlau thiab qhov rwb thaiv tsev. Thaum twg hmoov av thiab plua plav nkag mus rau sab hauv lub cav, nws yuav ua rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm tsis ua hauj lwm thiab cov khoom hnav. Yog hais tias qhov nyiaj ntau dhau lawm, lub tshav dav hlau yuav raug thaiv, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov cua nkag thiab cua sov. Yog li, yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv phom sij coj los siv rau cov cav siv hauv cov chaw muaj plua plav thiab cov chaw plua plav sab nraud.
● Cov ntsev huab cua ntsig
Thaum cov tsis thiab tsis muaj dej nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv feem ntau qhov mob rocky ntug dej, cov dej ntws ya pib ua huab cua thiab nkag mus rau saum huab cua, kom cov chloride kua raug tshem tawm hauv huab cua hu ua cov tshuaj tsuag ntsev. Cov tshuaj tua ntsev ua rau cov kua roj electrolyte thiab hlau ntim ua rau lub tshuab electrolyte, accelerates corrosion, thiab ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, xws li kev tsim tawm ntawm lub cev tawm thiab ua kom muaj qoob loo tam sim no.
● Kab thiab me me creatures
Cov kab thiab cov kab mob me me yog teeb meem tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lub tropics. Ib sab thiab sab hauv ntawm lub cev ua lub zes thiab cov seem ntawm lub cev, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm; ntawm qhov tod tes, tom lub rwb thaiv tsev los yog nqus cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis, ua lub luv luv tsis ua hauj lwm. Hauv particular, kab ntsaum, cov dej hauv pas dej, cov nas, thiab cov nab yog qhov teeb meem tshaj plaws.
● Cov pa roj kub
Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg (xws li mines, chiv, tshuaj, roj hmab, thiab lwm yam) cov chaw tsim tshuaj, muaj tshuaj chlorine, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide thiab lwm yam roj cua, txheeb xyuas qhov sib txig yog qis tshaj 70% ntawm qhov chaw), txawm tias qhov corrosion yog me me, nyob rau hauv cov huab cua vaum, acidic, alkaline thiab lwm corrosive aerosols. Feem ntau, cov roj ntsha corrosive yuav ua rau kom lub cev tsis zoo ntawm cov xoom hlau, tivthaiv kev kub ntxhov thiab cov khoom thaiv tawm thaum lub nruab nrab ntawm cov huab cua tsis muaj thiab tsis muaj qhov ntxig ntxaug ntawm qhov khoom. Vim li no, cov neeg ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom cua hauv corrosive rau cov khoom hauv lub cav yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov huab cua vaum thiab cov kev kub ntxhov thiab lawv cov concentrations.
● Lub zog atmospheric
Hauv cheeb tsam toj roob (tshaj 1000 tawm meters), cov huab cua ntom zuj zus tuaj raws li dej hiav txwv nce siab, uas cuam tshuam qhov nce hauv kev kub ntawm lub cev kub thiab nce. Qhov pib ntawm lub corona ntawm lub siab-voltage lub cev kuj yuav txo qhov kom haum. Yog tias lub tshuab ua haujlwm nrog lub cav ntev mus ntev, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau lub neej kev pab thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tshuab.
Ntxiv rau, kev hloov ntawm kev dej hiav txwv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau DC lub txee thiab txhuam hniav. Thaum tsis muaj dej noo thiab oxygen (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ya raws), tsim ntawm cov cuprous oxide zaj duab xis ntawm lub commutating ntws slows down thiab tsis tuaj yeem nrog hnav. Yog li ntawd, lub nceeg vaj deteriorates thiab cov nyiaj txhuam hnav nce.
● Hluav taws xob txoj sab ci
Cov hluav taws xob (xws li electrons, protons, los yog gamma rays ntawm cov hluav taws xob nuclear) tuaj yeem nkag tau cov atom at ib yam khoom, tsim cov kab tsis muaj teeb meem, ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog, thiab ua rau cov khoom siv los ntawm hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab cov khoom muaj hluav taws xob, cov electrons yog de-orbited, thiab ib tug khub-electron pair yog generated, uas yog yooj yim ionize cov khoom. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov hluav taws xob nyob ntawm cov khoom siv insulating nyob ntawm seb hom thiab koob tshuaj tawg (qhia hauv cov koob tshuaj los sis cov tshuaj muaj nqi npaum li cas), qhov hluav taws xob ntawm cov hluav taws xob, qhov khoom ntawm insulating cov khoom raug irradiated, thiab cov cua sov.
Radiation yog vim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv insulating. Cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cov khoom muaj puas ntsoog loj heev. Nws cov tshuaj tso cai siv hluav taws xob yog 10 ° rad, thaum lub inorganic insulating cov khoom muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo, xws li quartz, mica. Cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ncav cuag tshaj 10 ° rad.
● Mechanical force
Kev kub siab, kev poob siab thiab kev vibration tau yooj yim ua rau cov khoom siv puas rau cov hlau thiab qhov hluav taws xob thaiv ntawm cov cav.
Yog tias koj xav yuav lub cav fais fab, thov saib xyuas kom tsis txhob siv lub Tshuab Xo Moos Tsis Siv Tshuaj.
