2.1 Generator thiab load
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob relies on ib tug voltage regulator los tswj cov zis hluav taws xob. Tus ntsuas hluav taws xob pom tias muaj peb theem hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob thiab sib piv cov nqi nruab nrab nrog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj qhov voltage. Tus tswj yuav ua kom muaj lub zog los ntawm lub hwj huam pabcuam hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob loj, thiab xa ib lub hwj chim DC mus rau lub dag zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Lub kauj tamsim no nce los yog ntog, tswj cov kev sib hloov magnetic ntawm lub stator kwj ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob los yog qhov ntau ntawm lub electromotive force Force EMF. Qhov sib nqus ntawm lub nplhaib ntawm lub stator coil txiav txim siab qhov tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov generator.
Lub hauv paus sab nraud ntawm lub generator stator kauj yog muab los ntawm Z, nrog rau cov kev tawm ntawm sab hauv thiab sab hauv; cov generator electromotive quab yuam los ntawm rotor excitation kiv los ntawm E nrog AC voltage source. Piv txwv tias yog tus load yog purely inductive, tam sim no kuv lag ntawm qhov voltage U raws nraim 90 ° hluav taws xob theem lub voj hauv vector daim duab. Yog hais tias tus load yog purely resistive, cov vectors ntawm U thiab kuv yuav coincide los yog yuav nyob rau theem. Qhov tseeb, cov ntim feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj zog resistive thiab purely inductive. Qhov teeb meem ntawm voltage los ntawm qhov tam sim no hla los ntawm stator kauj yog sawv cev los ntawm ib qho velocity vector kuv x Z. Nws yog qhov sib tw ntawm ob qhov me me voltage vectors, qhov kev xaav hluav taws xob nyob rau theem nrog kuv thiab inductor voltage nco txog 90 ° tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tshwm sim nyob rau theem nrog U. Txij li thaum lub zog ntawm electromotive yuav tsum yog sib npaug rau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov poob siab ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub generator thiab cov zis hluav taws xob, uas yog, vector sum ntawm vectors E = U thiab I × Z. Tus ntsuas hluav taws xob hloov E kom zoo tswj tau qhov voltage U.
Tam sim no xav seb ua li cas rau cov teeb meem sab hauv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaum siv lub voj voog uas tsis muaj peev xwm siv es tsis txhob siv cov thev naus laus zis. Tam sim no lub sij hawm no yog raws nraim cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm qhov kev khaus inductive. Tam sim no kuv tam sim no ua rau voltage vector U, thiab sab hauv sab hauv voltage tis vector I × Z kuj yog tib qho inverted. Ces cov vector xaus ntawm U thiab I × Z yog me dua U.
Vim tias tib lub zog electromotive E thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cov khoom siv inductive ua ib qho hluav taws xob ntau dua hluav taws xob U ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm, qhov hluav taws xob qhov ntsuas yuav tsum ua kom tsis txhob txo cov tshuab magnetic. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tus ntsuas hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm tsis muaj ntau yam kom tswj tau qhov tso tawm qhov hluav taws xob. Qhov kev ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm lub rotor ntawm txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob nyob hauv ib qho kev coj ua muaj qhov chaw nyob mus tas li. Txawm hais tias tus voltage regulator raug kaw, lub rotor tseem muaj txaus magnetic teb kom them nqi ntawm qhov muaj zog load thiab tsim ib qho hluav taws xob. Qhov tshwm sim no yog hu ua "self-excitation". Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kheej-excitation yog overvoltage los yog voltage regulator shutdown, thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub kaw lus ntsuam xyuas yog xam tau tias yog ib tug voltage regulator txhaum (piv txwv li, "de-energized"). Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, cov generator yuav nres. Cov load uas txuas nrog rau cov zis hluav taws xob tej zaum yuav ywj siab los yog mus tib seem, nyob ntawm lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov rooj hloov tsis siv neeg hloov lub lag luam. Hauv qee cov kev siv, tus UPS system yog thawj zaug uas yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaum lub caij faiv fab tuag. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam, UPS thiab cov neeg kho tshuab load yog ib txhij txuas nrog. Cov neeg kho tshuab feem ntau muaj tus pib contactor. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ib zaug kom rov kaw tom qab lub zog tsis ua hauj lwm, thiab muaj kev ncua sij hawm rau kev them nyiaj qis ntawm lub zog ntawm cov hlab ntaws hluav taws xob. Lub sij hawm UPS nws muaj lub sij hawm hu ua "soft start" cycle, uas hloov cov roj ntawm lub roj teeb mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob, nws qhov kev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tswv yim lim dej ntawm lub UPS tsis koom nrog txoj kev pib mos. Lawv txuas nrog lub tswv yim ntawm UPS ua ib feem ntawm UPS. Yog li, qee zaum, lub ntsiab load uas yog thawj zaug txuas rau cov zis ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaum lub hwj huam txiav tawm yog cov khoom lag luam tawm ntawm UPS. Lawv yog cov capacitive mas (qee zaum kev lim leeg).
Qhov daws rau qhov teeb meem no yog obviously siv zog qhov kev tsim kho. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua qhov no, raws li nram no:
● Nruab qhov hloov lub txee rau kom lub cav tsheb txuas nrog ua ntej UPS. Qee tus neeg hloov khoom siv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm siv txoj kev ua no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws kho kev cog hniav yuav tsum tau sib cais ua ke UPS thiab cov generators thaum lub sijhawm kho.
• Ntxiv ib qho kev tiv thaiv kab mob mus ntev los txhawm rau kom them nyiaj rau lub peev xwm loj, feem ntau yog siv lub pob hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam nrog lub EG lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cov khoom sib npaug. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim rau kev siv thiab cov nqi qis dua. Tab sis, thaum muaj teeb meem loj los sis tsis tshua muaj tsheb, tus reactor yog ib txwm absorbing tam sim no thiab cuam tshuam qhov load zog tau. Thiab txawm hais tias muaj pes tsawg tus UPSs, cov xov tooj ntawm cov reactors yog ib txwm tsau.
● Ntxiv ib qho reactor inductive rau txhua lub UPS los pab tiv thaiv kom tau lub zog loj ntawm UPS. Lub reactor input (xaiv) tswj cov tswv yim ntawm cov reactor nyob rau hauv tsawg load mob. Qhov no yog ntau tshaj, tab sis tus xov tooj yog loj thiab tus nqi ntawm installation thiab tswj yog siab.
● Nruab tus contactor ua ntej lub taub lim capacitor thiab tshem nws thaum tsis tshua muaj kev thauj. Txij thaum lub sij hawm ntawm tus contactor yuav tsum yog leej twg, qhov kev tswj hwm yog qhov nyuaj thiab tsuas yog muab tso rau ntawm lub hoobkas.
Yam twg yog qhov pom tau yog nyob ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv.
2.2 Resonance teeb meem
Capacitor tus kheej-ua kom muaj teeb meem yuav ua rau nruj lossis npau taws los ntawm lwm lub xeev, xws li series resonance. Thaum lub ohmic tus nqi ntawm qhov muaj zog ntawm cov generator thiab qhov ohmic ntawm cov lim input capacitive reactance yog ze rau ib leeg, thiab tus nqi ntawm qhov system me me, oscillation yuav tshwm sim, thiab qhov voltage yuav tshaj tus nqi ntawm lub hwj chim system. Lub kaw lus tshiab tsim UPS yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 100% peev txheej kev nkag siab ntawm impedance. Ib lub 500kVA UPS muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm ntawm 150kvar thiab ib qho kev pom zoo nyob ze ntawm xoom. Cov kev qhia ua ke, cov cim ciav hlau, thiab cov twj siv hluav taws xob tawm tswv yim yog cov yam khoom ntawm UPS, thiab cov khoom no yog qhov qis. Qhov tseeb, nrog lub capacitance ntawm lub lim, qhov UPS feem ntau yog qhov muaj peev xwm, thiab muaj qee qhov oscillation hauv UPS. Coupled nrog cov capacitive yam ntxwv ntawm cov kis kab txuas nrog lub UPS, qhov nyuaj ntawm tag nrho cov system yog zoo heev tuaj, dhau li ntawm cov uas muaj kev soj ntsuam uas tau soj ntsuam los ntawm general engineers.
Ob qho tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv tseem ceeb tau tsis ntev los no ua rau cov teeb meem no tshwm sim ntau dua. Ua ntej, cov cuab yeej siv tshuab computer muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua ntxiv hauv lawv cov khoom, nyob ntawm cov kev cai ntawm tus neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv no. Cov khoos phis ntawm lub computer tam sim no tuaj nrog ob lossis ntau lub zog cords. Thib ob, tus neeg saib xyuas khoom siv nug txog qhov system los pab txhawb nqa online, thiab lawv xav kom pov hwm qhov tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm UPS raug kaw. Cov ob yam no ua rau cov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov chaw nruab nrab ntawm UPSs thiab txo cov peev xwm ntawm txhua lub UPS. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nce ntawm cov generators tsis yog nrog UPS. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas khoom, tus generator feem ntau yog spare thiab yooj yim los teem rau kev txij nkawm. Kuj tseem nyob rau qee lub luag haujlwm loj qhov nyiaj txiag txwv tsis pub muaj tus nqi qis ntau-theem hluav taws xob. Qhov tshwm sim yog hais tias txhua tus generator muaj ntau tshaj ib ce, uas yog ib qho kev sib tw ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm UPS zoo siab thiab generator manufacturers teeb meem.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv tawm tsam nws tus kheej-excitation thiab oscillation yog qhov kev txawj ntse ntawm physics. Engineers yuav tsum ua tib zoo txiav txim seb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv zog ntawm UPS nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev mob. Tom qab siv cov cuab yeej UPS, tus tswv yuav tsum ua raws li kev ntsuam xyuas thiab ua tib zoo ntsuas cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho lub sijhawm thaum kho qhov kev xeem. Thaum muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws yog teeb tsa ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg muag khoom, engineers, contractors, thiab cov tswv los soj ntsuam lub cev thiab nrhiav kev daws teeb meem.
