Yam dab tsi ua rau cov motors nyob fais fab yuav tsum tau ntsib?
Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsheb fais fab, tseem muaj kev cai ntau dua rau kev siv cov tshuab. Yuav kom nce qhov siab tshaj plaws, lub tshuab yuav tsum muaj siab zog thiab muaj hwj chim ceev (W / kg); thiaj li yuav nce lub tsheb nrawm ntawm 1 tus nqi, lub tshuab yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm siab dua; thiab lub tshuab fais fab yog khov kho, yog li lub tshuab yuav tsum muaj kev siab dua thiab tsis muaj qiv zuag qhia tag nrho; nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj zog tshaj muaj peev xwm, ua pib loj torque thiab ceev ceev torque teb. Tsav ntawm lub tsheb fais fab yog qis dua thaum pib thiab nce toj siab, tab sis lub nkoj yuav tsum tau loj; lub tawb yuav tsum tau rau kev lag luam yog me me, thiab qhov ceev yog siab. Lub zog ntawm qhov muaj zog ntawm qhov tsis muaj qeeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm kev kub ceev, thiab qhov khiav ceev ntau ntawm lub tshuab yuav tsum dav. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tshuab yuav tsum ua kom ruaj khov, txhim khu kev ntseeg, thiab muaj qee qhov teeb meem ntawm plua plav thiab dej tsis haum, thiab tus nqi tsis tuaj yeem ua siab dhau.
Tam sim no, los ntawm kev xav ntawm lub cav paub tab paub tab, txoj kev hloov cav tsis zoo li yuav ua rau ntau tshaj qhov xav tau ntawm hluav taws xob tsheb hauv ntau yam kev paub tab, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau nrov. Cob phum hlau npliag (synchronous motors) siv dav, xws li Kia K5 Hybrid, Roewe E50, Tengshi, Beiqi EU260, thiab lwm yam. Tesla ModelX thiab ModelS siv asynchronous motors. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog hais tias muab faib rau hom tam sim no, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua DC motor thiab AC motor. Los ntawm cov lus hauv qab no, peb tuaj yeem tau txais lub tswv yim ntawm qhov kev paub ntawm plaub yam tsav tsheb.
Hauv cov hnub thaum ntxov ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob feem ntau siv DC motors ua tsav tsheb. Qhov kev siv tshuab fais fab no kuj yog kev paub tab, nrog kev tswj tau yooj yim thiab kev tswj kom ceev ceev. Nws tau yog qhov feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm kev ceev regulating motors. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog lub zog ntawm DC lub cav, nws txoj kev muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm dhau caij nyoog thiab kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev tsav tsheb muaj kev txwv, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev, qhov kev lag luam ntawm lub cav yuav poob thiab qhov nqi them yuav nce. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub kiv tau tshwm los ntawm kev txhuam ntawm lub cav ua rau lub rotor kom sov, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kabmob electromagnetic ntau thiab cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsheb. Vim yog qhov tsis pom ntawm DC motors, cov tsheb fais fab tam sim no tau tshem tawm DC motors.
Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm cov tshiab lub zog tsheb, mus tas li hlau nplaum synchronous motors yog dav siv. Lub npe hu ua "permanent magnet" hais txog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov hlau nplaum loj thaum tsim lub rotor ntawm lub tshuab, kom qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tshuab ntxiv lawm. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yog txhais tau hais tias qhov kev sib hloov ntawm rotor yog ib txwm zoo ib yam li lub caij nyoog ntawm tus stator winding. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev tswj cov tswv yim tam sim no ntawm lub stator winding ntawm lub cev, lub tsheb ceev ntawm lub tsheb fais yuav thaum kawg yuav raug tswj. Piv nrog rau lwm hom kev lag luam, qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib txuas synchronous yog tias lawv muaj hwj chim ntau dua thiab qhov ceev ceev. Ua rau nws bluntly, piv nrog rau lwm yam motors, cov hlau nplaum synchronous mus tas li yog tib qho kev loj thiab ntim. Nws tuaj yeem muab ntau zog tso zis thiab acceleration rau tshiab lub zog tsheb. Qhov no kuj yog vim li cas vim li cas lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua synchronous yog thawj qhov kev xaiv rau feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb hauv kev lag luam tshiab kev lag luam tshiab, uas muaj qhov siab tsis tshua muaj siab rau qhov chaw thiab nws qhov kev luj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau nplaum sib txuas ntawm cov synchronous ua ke kuj muaj lawv cov teeb meem. Cov khoom siv hlau nplaum uas nyob ruaj ruaj ntawm lub rotor yuav muaj hlau nplaum nyob hauv qhov chaw siab, kev vibration thiab overcurrent tej yam kev mob, yog li ntawd lub cav yog nquab puas tsuaj raws li cov hauj lwm nyuaj. Ntxiv mus, tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv magnet tas mus li yog qhov siab, li ntawd, tag nrho lub cev muaj zog thiab nws txoj kev tswj hwm muaj nuj nqis.
Muab piv rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob uas muaj peev xwm sib xws, cov tshuab hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj nuj nqis, cov txheej txheem yooj yim, txhim khu kev lag luam thiab ruaj siab, kev saib xyuas yooj yim, thiab tuaj yeem muaj kev hloov loj hauv kev khiav hauj lwm kub. Conversely, hloov loj loj tuaj yeem ua kev puas tsuaj magnet synchronous lub cev. Txawm hais tias lub asynchronous tsav tsis yog hom nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov nyhav thiab ntim, nws ntau ntawm speeds thiab ncov ceev txog li 20,000 rpm, txawm tias nws tsis haum ob seem sib txawv, tuaj yeem ua raws li kev ceev ntawm kev khiav tsheb ceev ceev ntawm cov hoob kawm no, xws li kev nyhav mus rau lub neej Qhov feem ntawm cov nqi tsheb, qhov siab zog ntawm 18650 roj teeb tuaj yeem "npog tau" qhov nyhav ntawm lub tshuab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm lub asynchronous lub zog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau Tesla xaiv.
Ua ib hom tsheb tshiab, txoj kev hloov cav tsis muaj zog tau yooj yim dua nrog lwm hom tsav tsheb. Tus stator thiab rotor yog ob kab sab nraud cov qauv siv ua los ntawm laminating cov pob zeb zas ua nrawm nrawm. Yog tsis muaj winding ntawm lub rotor. Nws yog nruab nrog cov yooj yim concentrated winding, uas muaj ntau yam zoo xws li cov qauv yooj yim thiab ruaj khov, kev ntseeg siab, lub cev nyhav, qis nqi, kev ua haujlwm siab, kub nce thiab yooj yim kho. Tshaj li, nws muaj qhov zoo heev ntawm qhov DC tswj kev tswj thiab yog tsim rau cov cheeb tsam hnyav. Nws zoo heev rau kev siv ua tsav tsheb rau kev tsav tsheb. Nws tau raug kwv yees los ntawm cov kws txawj ua ib tug maub nees hauv thaj chaw fais fab tsheb.
