Motors thiab motor controllers ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev kho mob thiab kev siv neeg hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis ntev los no nrov tshiab lub zog tsheb teb muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau cov me me, kev ua haujlwm siab, siab- thiab qis-torque, thiab lub zog loj thiab lub zog qis.
Cov khoom siv kawg no tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm brushed DC motors, brushless DC (BLDC) motors, los yog ob qho tib si ua ke. Feem ntau cov motors ua haujlwm raws li Faraday txoj cai ntawm induction. Tseem, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm brushed thiab brushless motors thiab ntau yam ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov.
Cia peb qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm brushed motors thiab brushless motors. Ua ntej, peb yuav qhia txog brushed DC motors.
Brushed DC Tsav
Txij li thaum xyoo 1900s, brushed DC motors tau yog ib qho ntawm cov tsav tsheb uas yooj yim tshaj plaws, thiab niaj hnub no ib qho kev sib txhuam DC lub cev muaj xws li armature (tseem hu ua rotor), commutator, txhuam, ncej, thiab cov hlau nplaum. Tau kawg, lub cev muaj zog txhuam yuav tsum muab lub zog DC lossis roj teeb uas xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm tib lub sijhawm, thiab tau txais lub zog hloov pauv los ntawm kev sib nqus sib nqus, yog li tso tawm lub zog kinetic.
1. Cov qauv yooj yim, dav dav DC txhuam lub cev muaj xws li armature lossis rotor, commutator, txhuam, ncej thiab cov hlau nplaum. Tau kawg, yuav tsum muaj lub roj teeb lossis lub zog. Cov khoom ntawm lub cev muaj zog nyob ntawm seb cov khoom nws yog ua los ntawm, tus naj npawb ntawm cov coils raug mob nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov coils. Lub armature lossis rotor yog electromagnet thiab cov hlau nplaum yog cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov. Lub commutator yog ib lub nplhaib sib cais nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ncej uas ua rau lub cev sib cuag nrog cov txhuam hniav, uas txuas nrog rau qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
2. Ib tug commutator nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ncej, lub commutator yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov txhuam, uas yog kev cob cog rua rau opposite ncej ntawm lub hwj chim mov kom xa cov nqi zoo thiab tsis zoo rau lub commutator. Cov txhuam hniav tsav lub rotor kom tig nrog lub magnetic teb generated los ntawm inputting lub opposite polarity zog los ntawm lub commutator. Cov kev taw qhia kev sib hloov yog clockwise thiab / los yog counter-clockwise, thiab kev sib hloov rau pem hauv ntej thiab thim rov qab ntawm lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem pom tau los ntawm kev hloov cov polarity ntawm txhuam.
Brushless Tsav (BLDC)
Brushless Tsav
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm brushless DC lub cev muaj zog yog tib yam li qhov sib nqus attraction thiab repulsion txoj cai ntawm brushed lub cev muaj zog, tab sis lawv cov qauv sib txawv me ntsis. Lub cev tsis muaj zog, raws li lub npe qhia, tsis muaj txhuam, siv hluav taws xob sib hloov, lub kauj tsis txav, thiab lub rotor tig. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib hloov yog xa mus rau kev tswj xyuas hauv Circuit Court. Kev ua haujlwm siab yog lub ntsiab muag ntawm BLDC motors. Vim tias lub rotor yog NdFeB hlau nplaum (NdFeB hlau nplaum), uas yog, tsis muaj kev sib txuas, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj commutator thiab txhuam, kom lub rotor ua haujlwm zoo heev.
Brushless motors tuaj yeem muaj lub rotor nyob rau sab hauv lossis lub rotor nyob rau sab nraud ntawm cov windings (qee zaum hu ua "sab nraud rotor" lub cev muaj zog). Tus naj npawb ntawm windings siv nyob rau hauv ib tug brushless lub cev muaj zog yog hu ua tus naj npawb ntawm theem. Txawm hais tias brushless motors tuaj yeem tsim nrog cov lej sib txawv ntawm cov theem, peb-theem brushless motors yog ntau tshaj. Peb windings ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog yog txuas nrog hauv "lub hnub qub" lossis "delta" configuration. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, muaj peb cov xov hlau txuas nrog lub cev muaj zog (feem ntau hu ua U, V, W), thiab cov txheej txheem tsav thiab waveform yog tib yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas txoj haujlwm ntawm lub rotor ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog, qee lub cev tsis muaj zog yuav raug tsav ua ke nrog Hall sensors, thiab muaj cov thev naus laus zis ntau dua uas siv cov hlau nplaum encoders. Raws li cov hlau nplaum rotor tig, Hall sensors khaws lub rotor lub magnetic teb. Tom qab tus tsav tsheb IC tau txais lub teeb liab, nws suav thiab dhau qhov tam sim no los ntawm stator windings nyob rau hauv ib ntus, yog li tsav lub rotor tig.
Cov saum toj no yog cov lus qhia luv luv rau qhov sib txawv ntawm brushed motors thiab brushless motors.
