2SCADA architecture
SCADA (SupervisoryControlAnd DataAcquisition) qhov system, uas yog, cov ntaub ntawv tshaaj thiab tswj xyuas qhov system, yog lub computer raws qhov chaw automation xyuas system. Pab pawg SCADA siv los daws cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv thiab kev tswj xyuas thiab kev tswj hwm, nrog rau kev tswj tus txheej txheem, nrog rau kev cog ntoo thiab lub nroog thiab cov cheeb tsam hauv nroog.
2.1 Cov kev sib txuas lus sib txawv
Ua kom tiav cov kua dej, cov dej haus zoo, dej noo, kua dej, dej lwm txoj hauv kev thiab lwm yam, tsis siv neeg saib xyuas cov khoom siv chaw nres tsheb, kev tswj hwm, kev sib sau ua ke ntawm dej ntau yam, cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv.
Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov chaw nres zog hauv kev lag luam hauv Suav tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1960 thiab 1970s. Vim cov kev txwv ntawm kev siv tshuab, peev thiab cov khoom siv thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, feem ntau cov khoom siv kuj tseem siv cov kev cai tswj thiab kev ua haujlwm, uas tau laus los ntau xyoo. Disrepair, ua ke nrog cov tsis muaj txij nkawm cov engineers, qhov zoo ntawm txhua yam yog tsawg, ua rau muaj zog siv zog ntawm chaw nres tsheb cov khoom siv xyoo los ntawm lub xyoo, kev siv dej ntawm cov dej thiab cov dej ua kom tsawg, thiab kev tsim kho kev lag luam ntawm socialist harmonious zej zog tsis tau guaranteed. Cov teeb meem no tau nthuav dav cov kev saib xyuas ntawm tsoom fwm hauv nroog thiab hauv txhua theem. Kev tsim kho ntawm cov chaw noj qab haus huv thiab kev kho qhov loj loj tau nkag lub caij tshiab.
Yuav kom ntxiv txhim kho qhov chaw ntawm cov chaw siv khoom hauv kev siv cov khoom siv, kev siv cov khoom siv xws li cov cuab yeej xws li PLC, cov computer tswj tuav tswj IPC, tib neeg-tshuab interface HMI thiab muaj tsheb npav siv dav dav siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev hloov ntawm cov chaw siv. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev sib koom tes ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv chaw nres tsheb, kev tsim kho cov kab sib txuas lus tseem nyob twj ywm ntawm cov theem ntawm kev sib txuas lus tshwj xeeb kev sib txuas lus lossis kev siv GPRS wireless kev sib txuas lus.
Cov kev tsis zoo ntawm kev teeb tsa kev sib txuas lus cable yog cov nqi siab, kev siv zog siab, kev siv sijhawm ntev, thiab tsis muaj peev xwm los tsim kev sib txuas lus hauv ntau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, uas txwv tsis pub muaj kev tsim kho thiab kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. GPRS wireless kev sib txuas lus muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib kis me me thiab qeeb teb, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tswj ntawm kev ua tiag-sij hawm, video kev soj ntsuam, hauv online program download thiab kuaj mob.
2.2 Qhov teeb meem twj tso kua mis cov chaw nres tsheb tsis txaus siab
(1) Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv thov kev pab yog cov lus nug kev pab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav. Nws tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev tswj kev lag luam thiab kev teem sij hawm ntawm nroog cov dej thiab cov dej dej ntws. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom paub txog qhov kev ceeb toom kev ntxov ntxov ntawm kev tsim txom, thiab tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia txog kev tiv thaiv. Kev ua haujlwm, kev txiav txim rau kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv rau cov sijhawm ua haujlwm tiag. Thaum lub kaw lus pom thiab txiav txim rau cov khoom siv ua txhaum raws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, tus maub los tau khiav txoj kev tiv thaiv, xa tawm lub teeb liab thiab lub tswb nrov thiab ua kom muaj kev tshaj tawm, thiab xa mus rau lub chaw tswj hwm kev tswj hwm hauv chaw nres nkoj los ntawm kev sib txuas lus kev ruaj ntseg . Thaum cov kws kho tshuab tshem qhov txhaum ntawm qhov kev ntaus pob, tus maub los txiav txim siab ua haujlwm raws li tus neeg teb xov tooj khiav lag luam. Tam sim no, advanced tswj systems yuav qhia tau cov ntaub ntawv ua txhaum rau hauv ntau lub tsev saib xyuas raws li kev txhaum qhov teeb meem thiab kev faib tawm.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ceeb toom ntxov yog qhov kev txhim kho kom ruaj ntseg ntawm cov kev txawj ntse hauv kev tswj hwm hauv chaw taws teeb. Tom qab sau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj khoom siv rau ntawm qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev paub, thiab qhia ntxov ntawm qhov kev ruaj ntseg. Kho, tsis txhob muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb thiab ua teeb meem kev nyab xeeb loj;
(2) Tus saib xyuas cov chaw nres tsheb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem tsis txaus, thiab qhov teeb tsa tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm txhua hnub thiab kev tswj dej nyab. Nws tsis muaj lub caij nyoog zoo thiab kev txheeb xyuas kev ntsuam xyuas cov dej ntws, cov chaw nqus chaw, cov yeeb nkab thiab lwm cov vaj tse uas yuav muaj tshwm sim thiab tau tshwm sim hauv cov sijhawm dej nyab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov khoom siv mus saib xyuas cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm ceev saib xyuas tsis muaj. Cov kev tswj hwm muaj xws li lub tshuab computer, PLC, thiab engineering inverter. Thaum muaj qhov txhaum tshwm sim, tus tub ntxhais kawm tsis yog PLC rau cov khoom me me xwb, tiam sis qhov kev kuaj mob yuav tsum muaj kev qhia ntawv, nrog rau lub host computer, PLC, thiab engineering inverter. Lub PC software siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuab no txawv. Cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm raug coj mus rau qhov chaw rau kev kuaj mob. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias ib lub chaw tu neeg tu vaj tse nyob ze ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thaum muaj kev txhaum, ntev mus, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kheej yuav raug coj tuaj. Qhov ntau dua yuav ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg teeb meem, xav tau kev kho mob rau tej thaj chaw deb thiab kev kho yog tshwj xeeb ceev. Kev kuaj kab mob yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo ib yam li cov engineers ntawm lub vev xaib, xws li hauv PLC qhov program hauv online, inverter parameter zaub thiab kev tswj, kev sib thooj ntawm lub sijhawm thiab kev kuaj ntawm lub tshuab computer.
(3) Txawm tias qee cov chaw tso kua dej taws tau pom tias muaj kev ceev thiab khaws cia qee cov ntaub ntawv, qee lub tshuab muaj sijhawm ntev, cov ntaub ntawv kev tawm, cov theem kev ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv tsis yog cov qauv, thiab txhua qhov system ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis koom. Tsis tuaj yeem muab kev pabcuam txhawb zog siab rau cov lus sau npe rau sab sauv.
